SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    25271, 25272, 25273, 25274, 25275, 25276, 
    25277, 25278, 25279, 25280, 25281, 
    25282, 25283, 25284, 25285, 25286
  )

Query time 0.00018

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (25271,25272,25273,25274,25275,25276,25277,25278,25279,25280,25281,25282,25283,25284,25285,25286)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}