SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    24521, 24522, 24523, 24524, 24525, 24526, 
    24527, 24528, 24529, 24530, 24531, 
    24532, 24533, 24534, 24535, 24536
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 4

Query time 0.00034

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 4 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (24521,24522,24523,24524,24525,24526,24527,24528,24529,24530,24531,24532,24533,24534,24535,24536) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}